Some Account of the Family of O'Hurly

20. The Fiants of Charles I.

Journal of the Cork Historical and Archæological Society, Vol. XII, 2nd Series (1906), pp. 80–86

A Gap Closed

Pages 79, 80 and 81 of the original article were missing from the backup scan this transcription was originally drawn from, which jumped directly from page 78 (Section 19, above) to the middle of a paragraph on page 82. Dave Hurley subsequently located a second, independent digitization of this volume — Cornell University Library's copy, via HathiTrust — which includes these three pages intact. What follows the Index to Fiants below has been transcribed from that scan: the "FIANTS, ETC." heading and index that opened this section on page 80, and, on page 81, two Patent Roll grants that turn out to be the direct source of the manorial land grant this section previously began with mid-sentence. That paragraph is retained below, now correctly framed as the continuation of the second Patent Roll rather than an unexplained fragment.

What follows is, in places, close to the only surviving text of these records. Fiants and the Chancery enrolments behind them are exactly the kind of document that was destroyed wholesale in the 1922 Four Courts fire (see the note at Section 10); where the underlying roll is gone, a nineteenth- or early twentieth-century antiquarian's transcription like this one may be at or near the last surviving copy of the wording. Patent Rolls, transcribed here for the first time in two, are a related but distinct class of Chancery record — the enrolled grant itself, rather than the file-copy warrant behind it — and were destroyed in the same 1922 fire.

Pages 80–86

FIANTS, ETC., CONCERNING HURLEY FAMILY.

[p. 80] These may interest persons, who by having them in extenso, would throw much light on family history.

Index to Fiants, Charles I.

Names, actions, and Fiant numbers as printed. An asterisk (*) marks the twelve fiants given in extenso below; the index itself lists twenty-seven entries.
NameActionFiant No.
Andrew—2205
Catherine—856
Dermod Mac Owen—71
Dermott—3299
Ellen—856*
John—1885
Johnlivery, alienation, pardon2909*
Margaret—856*
Mary—856
Mauricelicense1476
Mauricepardon, alienation, license2338
Mauricelivery, pardon2356*
Morrice—535
Ranell oge—1438*
Ranell ogelivery, alienation, pardon1172*
Ranell oge—1258*
Ranell oge (Bunanamera)—1376*
Ranell ogealienation, pardon, license1406*
Thomasalienation, pardon686
Thomaslicense, alienation1476
Thomasgrant of lands2601*
Wm. Mc Ranell—1258
Daniel oge—2263*
Edmund—2104
Mauricelivery, alienation, pardon1330
Mauricelivery2081
Rannell ogelivery, marriage, alienation2640*
Thomas—2640*
O'Hurley, Maurice—924

* Fiants given in extenso (12). Twenty-seven entries as per Index.

Patent Roll 13, James I. — Page 297.

[p. 81] Grant to Florence Mc Donell Cartie and Ranell oge Hurley, their heirs and assigns for ever, of the manor, castle, town, and lands of Bealanacarrigeh, and divers other lands in the barony of Ibane and Barryroe and elsewhere in the County of Cork, to hold of the Castle of Dublin in common soccage, with power to create the manor aforesaid.

Patent Roll 13th. James I., Part 3. — Page 296.

Grant to Florence Mc Donell Cartie and Ranell oge Hurley, their heirs and assigns for ever, of the castle, town, and lands of Banduff, and the several other denominations of land following, that is to say: Bueghmogh, in Clanshane, 1 plowland; Buoltinagh, 1 plowland; Maulebrack and

[p. 82] Knockmoknell, in Clanshane, 1½ plowland; Lissnycuny, 1½ plowland; ¼ give of Knocknestnoky in Clanshane, lately in the tenure of Dermott McDonogh Cartie; Aghyoghilly, 1 plowland; Kiltebrudolly, ¼ plowland; Knocknanoss, ½ plowland in the tenure of Fineen Reogh Carty; Lissynetotane, ½ plowland; in Knocknestnoky in Clanshane, 1½ gnive, in the tenure of Teige McFinneen Cartie and Donogh McDermott Carty; in Gollan; in Kiltallowe territory, 1 car. or 3 gnives, in the tenure of Connor McFinnen O'Cruoly, 3 gnives in the tenure of the same; 2 gnives in the tenure of Donogh McDonell; 2 gnives in the tenure of Donogh McDonell ny Cartin and Moylan Mc Melaghlin; 1 gnive in the tenure of Auliff McDermott and John McTeige; ½ gnive in Dromfeigh, in Kiltallowe, 8 gnives, lately in the tenure of David O'Cruoly; ¼ car in Glanbeallaghtoyne, in Carowynmadrie qr., in Kiltallowe territory, ½ car in the tenure of David O'Crowly; Conigrinagh, in Caherowgariff, in Kiltallowe, 1 car; Knockphonene, in Kiltallowe, 8 gnives, lately in the tenure of the same; in Knockyphoneny, 1 car; Aghikinie, in Carhownemadery, 1 car; in Lyssynyleagh, ½ car, lately in the tenure of Mulrony McConnor O'Cruoly, Cormacke Mc Connor O'Cruoly, and Finnin McConnor O'Cruoly, in Clonyreigh, o'rwise Clonyreogh; in Slught-Cormocknekilly, 9 gnives, lately in the tenure of Cormock McDonogh Cartie; Sinnagh, in Carrownemadery, 1 car; in Dromfeigh, in Kiltallowe, 4 gnives; in Grillagh, 4 gnives; in Shanbally-Inlieh, in Kiltallowe, 2 gnives, in the tenure of Dermott McCormock O'Cruoly; in Knockagheduff, ½ car; in Knockduff, ½ car; Malengeerah, in Knockphonery qr., 4 gnives; in West Crohane, in Kiltallowe, 1 gnive in the tenure of Donogh McCormocke O'Crowly; in Knockaduff, in car., the carucate of Farrenmeane, in Dromfeigh qr., 4½ gnives, in the tenure of Teige McFinnin Kittagh; Dromeircke, ½ car, and in Carrigenukery, in Knockphonery, 4 gnives, in the tenure of Auliffe O'Cruoly; Gortroe in Carrowgarriff, ½ car; in Farrenmean, in Dromfeigh qr., 2½ gnives, lately in the tenure of Brian O'Cruoly, son of Mulrony O'Cruoly; in Killyvullin and Knockanereogh, ¼ car, lately in the tenure of Will O'Murrihy; ¼ of the same lately in the tenure of Teige O'Murrihy; Monyroyre, ½ car, lately in the tenure of Will McDonogh McShane O'Murrihie and Dermott McShane O'Murrihie; Gurrandruigh, 1 car; Mealmeany, 1 car; Knockvrittily, o'rwise Knockvorteleh, ½ car; Aghlenon, in Slught-Cormocknekilly, 1½ car; Kiltinsimon, ½ car; the castle, town, and townlands of Doonanore, in Cleere Island; 2½ car, known by the names of Knockanyoge, o'rwise Knockanerick, Gortincragh, Burren, Glarygort, and Myllinemony; in Coshmore Quoylagh, in Slugh Teige O'Mahowne, 1½ car; Kilvickedare, Gortegillan, and Camlane, 2 car, and 1½ gnives in Cliere Island; in Croshimore, Carhowe, and Ardgrott, 1 car and 8 gnives, in the same island; in the tenure of Dermott McGilleduff, Connogher McGrivan, except all chief rents, services, royalties, customs, and privileges, to Donell McCartie, then the King's ward. The lands marked thus (*) are created the manor of Banduff with 100a in demesne; power to create tenures; to hold a fair at Killtobridolly on St. Barnabas's Day and the day following, unless the said day fall on Saturday or Sunday, in which case the said fair is to be held on the Monday following, with a court of prepowder and the usual tolls, rent 6/8; to hold a fair at Mydenaghin on St. James's Day and the day following, unless the said day fall, etc., as before, rent 6/8. The lands marked thus (*) are created the manor of Bealanacarrigeh, with the same demesne, and privileges. To hold for ever as of the Castle of Dublin, in common soccage, 19th Dec. 13th.

Fiant Charles I., 856.

Appended to the Latin text of this Fiant is—"This contayneth a warrant for the grant of a speciall Liverie and meane rate to bee made to Wm. Kent, brother and next heire of Mourice Kent FitzJohn, late of the cittie of Cork, gent., decd, for the fine of £20 Ir., payable at Mich's and Easter next by equal portions. And alsoe a warrant for a grant to be made to Charles Hargill, esq., of the Wardship of Marie Hurley, Ellene Hurley, Margarett Hurley, and Katherine Hurley, daughters and co-heirs of Andrew Hurley, of Kilmallock, Co. Limerick, marchant, decd., for the fine of four score pounds Ir., to be paid at the feast of St. Michaell, Arch, 1629, and the feast of Easter then next following, and att the feast of St. Michael, Arch., 1630, and att the feast of Easter then next following by equall portions. And is done by direction of Sir Wm. Parsons, Knt. and Bart., Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries. [Date quite obliterated.]

"Wm. Parsons. Ri. Bolton."

Fiant Charles I., 1172.

[p. 83] Appended to the Latin text of this Fiant is—"This contayneth a warrant for a speciall Livery and meane rates to be made to Redmond Harket, sonn and heire of Perce Harket, late of Rath McCarty in the Co. Tipperary, gent., deceased, in conson of the fine of £10 Ir., to be paid at Easter and Michalmas next by equall portions. And alsoe a pardon of alienation to be made to Ranell oge Hurley and Florence McCarty for certayne landes in the Co. Corke aliened by David Boy O Crowly, late of Dromly-cloghy in the Co. Cork aforesaid, gent., decd., for the fine of £30 Ir., to be paid at Easter and Michalmas Anno Dno 1632, by equall portions. And is done by directions of Sir William Parsons, Knight and Baronet, Master of the Court of Wards and Liverys."

"William Parsons. Richd. Bolton."

Fiant Charles I., 1258.

Appended to the Latin text of this Fiant is—"This contayneth a pardon of severall alienations and meane rates made by Ioan ny Dermod and others unto William McRanell Hurley, conson of the fine of £10 Ir., payable at Easter and Michas next by equall portions. And likewise another pardon of alienation and meane rates made by Thomas Roch and Sheely, his wife, and others unto Ranell oge Hurley and Florence McDonell Cartie in conson of the fine of £22 Ir., payable one moietie thereof at thensealeing, and the residue thereof at Easter next, and is done by direction of Sir Wm. Parsons, Knt. and Bart., etc. 8th Decr., 1632."

Fiant Charles I., 1376.

"This contayneth a warrant for a speciall livery and measne rates to be made unto Fynen McDermot Cartie, sonn and heire of Dermod McCnoghor Cartie, late of Maddame in the Countie Corke, gent., decd., for the fine of £10 Ir., to be paid at Easter and Michaelmas. And alsoe a warrant for a pardon of alienation for certain lands in Co. Cork, aliened by Donnell Mc Teige Hurley, gent., decd., unto Florence Mc Donnell Cartie and Randell oge Hurley, for the fine of £5 Ir., to be paid at Easter and Michaelmas. And is done by direction of Sir Wm. Parsons, etc., 3rd Decr., 1632."

"Rich. Bolton."

Fiant Charles I., 1406.

[p. 84] [First part torn.] "Cum Fynin O Crowley nuper de Knockhaduff (Fanlobbus?), Co. Cork, gent., defunct, sent fuit in Donco et de feodi nel de ab statu hereditar in Dnco vel in usu de et in dimidii un Car. terr. in Knockaduff et un al. car. terr. in Currahvillie et quatuor gneeves terr. pte un gneeve terr. (in tres ptes in Drunfeigh (Kenneigh?) et isten Co. Cork. Et sit inde seit existen—sit inde seit existen vignit Annos elapsos ante caption Inquisitor infer nris mentionat p. suile post prmisd pote diandor vel non con Thadeo Mc Fynnyn fil et heredi suo qui fuit plen etat tempore mort prio sui poti qui quidem Thadeus Mc Fynnan immediat post mort pdi F. Mc Fynnyn O'Crowley pris sui pmiss intri fuit inde silletor seit ut pdicit et sit inde enisten p. factu srud gerin dat decimo die Julii, 1614, alienavit p. miss. pdi quitus dam Florence McCartie et Rannell oge Hurley heredi et assigant suis in p. petion virtute cuius ydem Florence McCartie et Rannell oge Hurley puer seit de tal statu de et in oibus et singul p. miss poti et peti F. McCartie et R. oge Hurley sic inde seit existen postea seit decimo sexto die Decembr., 1615, p. fait eoy in Roth Chancelladure dei Regni nri Hibe irrotulat sursu reddider in manus imp. pertrus nri Regis Jacobi ora et singul p. misi peti Prout p. Inquisiti inde capt. apud the King's ould Castle vicessimo die Aug., 1632 (virtute Commission tire sut mergno sigil plen appet et Cunnigs? etia Cormac O'Crowley Dromicke in Con pde gen defunct sent fuit in Dmco suo ut de feodi vel de al statu hereditar in Dmco suo usu de et in dimidii un Car terr in Dromicke in tribus 2 gneeves terr in Knocknyfonery existen in in Com pdi. Et sit inde seit existen objit sic inde seit existen triquit ano elapsos ante caption Inquisitor infermos mentionat p. sive post cuius mortem pmiss pti descender vel descender debuer in usu possession vel reidton Awliffe O'Crowley imediat post mortem pdi Cormac O'Crowley prio sui in p. miss intriunt et fuit inde sillatos seit ut pdicitur. Et sic inde seit existen p. factu sind geren dat 8 July, 1614, a'lienavit pmis poti pfat F. McCartie et Rannell oge Hurley in p. pelin (Virtute cuius ydem F. McCartie et R. oge Hurley fuer seit de tal statu de in on et singul pmiss et pdr F. McCartie et R. oge Hurley sic inde seit existen postea scilt deo decimo sexto die Decr., 1615, pdi p. factu eos in Rottul Cancell nre pdi irrotulat sursu redditur in manus imp pro nri ora et singul p. miss ultim. Prout p. Inquisition inde capt. apud the King's ould Castle dco vicissimo Aug., 1632, virtute Commission nre sub magno Sigill nro pleni appet Que ora et singul prmiso pdi tempore mort pdi Fynnyn O'Crowley et Cormac O'Crowley respective tenebant de imp Regni Elizabetha et de imp patre nro respective in capite p. servio et tempore consedr alienat pdi et car alter respective tenebante de deo patre nro pro et eandi tenor sciatoe igitur qdi nos de gra nra special ac existen scientia et nro motu nris et pro et in conson sexagent et duo libr in Hanapo nro cuius Regni nro Hibe ad vin nro solvendi modo et forma sequent . . pdi p. dilect et fidel sub dit nro F. McCartie et R. oge Hurley. Necnon de advisament et consensu dico Consilia nostro in dco Regno nro Hibe Wm. Parsons, etc., authoritat et approvit ad indexdeat disponend (inter ab de oibus) libaton intrusion et alienaton sive licentia nra aut aliicuiis progenitor nostro fuit. Pardonarimus renuso et relaxo ac pp. sentes p. fat Thadeo McFynnin, Auliff O'Crowley, Florence McCartie, et Ranell oge Hurley . . et eos) civilibet respective eosj ingressus intrusion exit reddit emolument et medi propr omni et singul pmiso pdi a tempore mort pdi Fynin O'Crowley et Cormack O'Crowley respective usq pdi decima sexta Decr., 1615, et vias fir et denar suis nobis debit seu denire debeni ratone intrusion et ingress pdi respective. Ac etiam ulter Pardonovimus remisso et relaxo ac pp. sentes pfat Thadeo McFynnin, Auliffe O'Crowley, Florence

[p. 85] McCartie, et Ranell oge Hurley et eosj cuilibet respective sepat alienaton pdi respective. Ac oes intratones et intrusion in pmisso in aliqua inde pcite p tentu virtute sepaalienaton pdi seu cas ulter respective. Et pro nobis heredi licentia dmnus et contedimus pfat T. McCartie et R. oge Hurley p seipsos firman et tentes suos in ora et singul pmiss ipis licite et impune ingrediant ac ea ora et singul habiant teneant et gaudiant tenor intention et effect sepat alienaton pdi absqz aliqua molestaton, vexation pturbaton seu gravamine nri heredi vel successor nros ratone colore vel pletu sepat alienaton pdi seu eat alter respective. Ac ora et singul p. miss ad ptimen p fat Florence McCartie et Rannell oge Hurley entra manno nras p. sentes liberamus tenendi sedid form et effect sepat alienaton pdi seu eat alter respective. Ac manus nras ab ulter tenendi p miss pdi seu aliqua inde pcell ratone sepat alia pdi pp sentes unoneamus: Et ulterius sciatec quod nos de gra nra special ac en testu scientia et vera motu nris etiam consuo quatuir libr in Hanapis nro pcto ad usu nro solvendi in Pasche p Johan Barry de Ballynccorra, Co. Cork, gent. Necnon de advisament et consensu pdi Concessimus et licentia dadimus ac p psentes per nobis heredi et successor nros contedimus et licentia domus pfat John Barry qdi ipse duos ptis dividendi vill et terr de Ballynecorra pdi in Com. Cork, pdi continen in totu du Car terr. Vel tot et tant inde p all et comedere warrantizare et cognoscere p fir sive fir et p coem recupation seu p cois recupatoes in cur nra Coram Justicia nris de coi Banca nro et alienare, vendere et warrantizare p feoffament sive feoffament concession sive concession vel easj aliquid vel aliquod aut aliter seu ac quounqz modo et forma sine modis et formis quibus cunqui valeat et possit Richd. FitzEdmond Gerald de Ballymarter in Com pdi et heredi suos. Ac et in pro nobis heredi et successor nris licentia' et plen apper postestem damus et concedimus pfat Rich. FitzEdmond Gerald pdi ipse vur et singul pmess in ptinend de pfat John Barry recipera et ora et singul p misso in ptinend intrare valeat et possit habendi et tenendi eadi pmiss p fat Rich. Fitz Edmond Gerald de nobis heredi et successor nris licentia' et plen apper postestem damus et concedimus pfat Rich. FitzEdmond Gerald pdi ipse vur et singul pmess in ptinend de pfat John Barry recipera et ora et singul p misso in ptinend intrare valeat et possit habendi et tenendi eadi pmiss p fat Rich. Fitz Edmond Gerald de nobis heredi et successor nris licentia' et plen apper et concedimus in ptinend habend et tenendi eadi pmiss p fat Rich. Fitz Edmond Gerald de nobis heredi et successor nris licentia' et plen apper postestem damus et pro potentie proviso semp qdi si be tre nre Patent nos irrotulat seu intrat forent in officio Auditor nri cur nre Ward et Libacon pdi infra spatin triu? mens post dat p sentin qudj time vacue erunt et nul vigor et effect in lege. Eo acte expresso marco etc. In cuius rei testimon." [Date obliterated.]

[The end torn away.]

"Wm. Parsons. Richd. Loftus."

Fiant Charles I., 1438.

Appended to the Latin text of this Fiant is the following:—"This contayneth a warrant for a pardon of alienation for certain lands in Co. Corke aliened by Donnell McCnoghor Cartie als Mantagh unto Charles McDermod Cartie for the fine of £30 Irish, to be paid before the ensealing. And alsoe a warrant for a pardon of alienation for certain lands in the sa'd Co., aliened by Dermod McCormucke O'Crowley, als. Mrocke unto Rannell Oge Hurley and Florence McCartie, for the fine of £30 Ir. to be paid at Michas. and at Easter next by equall portions, and is done by direction of the Honble Sir Wm. Parsons, etc., 29th May, 1633."

"Richard Bolton. Wm. Parsons."

Fiant Charles I., 2263.

[p. 86] "This contayneth a Warrant for a Pardon of alienation for certaine lands in Co. Cork, aliened by Daniell McCartie, als. McCartie Reagh, late of Kilbrittine, Co. Cork, Esq., decd., unto Donogh O'Callaghane and others, for the fine of £50 os. od."

"Wm. Parsons. Richd. Loftus."

Fiant Charles I., 2356.

Appended to the Latin text, which bears date, 30th June, 1637, is—"This containeth a warrant for a pardon of alienation for certain lands in Co. Limerick aliened by Murtogh McConnor O'Bryen, gent., unto Maurice Hurley, Esq., for the fine of £3 English, to be paid in Easter and Michaelmas terms. And is done by direction of Sir Wm. Parsons, Kt. and Bt."

"Wm. Parsons. Rich. Loftus."

Fiant Charles I., 2601.

"This Fyant contayneth a grant from his Majesty to Thomas Hurley, his heirs, and asssigns, of the Castle, Manor, town, and lands of Knocklongie, in the Co. Limerick, to be houlden of the Chiefe Lord of — by the rents and provisoes thereunto due and accustomed, payinge therefore yearly unto the Crowne the annuall rent, £5 3s. 1½d. English, whereof £3 5s. 6d. is added by way of increase of new rent incurred and due from Mich'as, 1634, and Mich'as, 1637. Twelve and ninepence is to be paid as a fine before the ensealing of the above grant. And in the above grant there is an exception of all advowsons, His Majesty's composition Royal generall hostings, if any there be, and therein are contayned all such claims as are prescribed in and by our order of composition and agreement in that behalfe, made betweene your Loppe and others of His Majesty's Comrs., which order bears date 1st Decr., 1637. And is done according to the tenor of your Loppes (Lordships') Warrant of 31st January, 1637."

"Date of Fiant, 21st January, 1637."

Fiant, Charles I., 2640.

Appended to the Latin text, dated 8th March, 1637, is—"This contayneth a warrant for a speciall livery and measne rates to be made unto Thomas Hurly, sonne and heire of Maurice Hurly, late of Knocklonge, in Co. Limerick, Esq., decd., for the fyne of £32 os. od., Eng. And also a warrant for a pardon of alienation and measne rates for certaine lands in the Co. Limerick and Tipperary, aliened by the said Maurice Hurly, unto Richd. Stronge and others,* for the fyne of £90 os. od., English."

"Wm. Parsons. Rich. Loftus."

* These were R. Shee, David Barry, Reginald Hurly, and Daniel Rian, Costinghe McEgan.

Fiant Charles I., 2909.

Appended to the Latin text of this Fiant, which bears date, 13th Dec., 1638, is—"A Warrant for the pardon of alienation and meane rates for certaine lands in Co. Tip., aliened by Richard O'Quircke, als. O'Quaircke, and Dannell O'Kearney, gent., unto John Hurley, gent., decd., for the fine of £7 10s. English, to be paid in Easter and Michaelmas terms next by equal portions. And is done by direction of Sir Wm. Parsons, Knight and Baronet, etc."

"Ri. Loftus. Wm. Parsons."

We have transcribed the Latin abstract of Fiant No. 1406 (pp. 84–85) in full despite its being, frankly, close to unreadable as connected prose: the original is written in the heavily abbreviated law-Latin conventional to Chancery enrolments, further garbled by the scan (superscript abbreviation marks do not survive OCR, and several words are ambiguous between two or three readings). We have reproduced it exactly as printed rather than attempt a modern expansion or translation, which would risk introducing errors of our own into a text that is difficult enough to verify as it stands. The English abstracts appended to each fiant (in quotation marks, following the Latin in the original printing convention) are considerably more legible and are the more useful record for genealogical purposes in any case.

Historical Note — What a Fiant Actually Records

A fiant (from the Latin fiant litterae patentes, "let letters patent be made") was the Irish Chancery's own file copy of the warrant behind a grant, pardon, or appointment — not the grant itself, but the internal instruction to draw one up. Fiants of this period were later summarized and printed by the Irish Record Commission and, for the Elizabethan period, calendared in the well-known "Fiants of the Tudor Sovereigns" volumes; those for Charles I., transcribed piecemeal like this, are less systematically published and correspondingly more valuable when they turn up. The eleven fiants above are almost all pardons of alienation — formal royal forgiveness for having transferred land without the required licence, which was a routine (if expensive) legal housekeeping matter for Irish landowning families of the period, not evidence of wrongdoing. Read together they trace a dense web of land transactions among the Hurley, McCarty, O'Crowly and related Co. Cork and Co. Limerick families across 1629–1638, name several generations of Hurleys by name (Andrew Hurley of Kilmallock and his four daughters; William McRanell Hurley; Ranell oge Hurley; Maurice Hurly of Knocklonge and his son Thomas; John Hurley), and directly corroborate the Knocklong branch's landholding traced through the pedigree narrative and Down Survey material earlier in this series (Sections 9 and 18).

Glossary

Alienation (pardon of)
Crown forgiveness for transferring land held of the Crown to a new owner without first obtaining the required licence — a legal formality regularizing a sale, mortgage, or inheritance after the fact, generally for a fee ("fine").
Special livery
The formal grant of possession of an inherited estate to an heir who had come of age, releasing it from wardship.
Court of Wards and Liveries
The crown office (headed here by Sir William Parsons) that managed the estates of minors who inherited land held of the Crown, and collected the associated fees and fines — a significant and often resented source of royal revenue in this period.
Gneeve, Car (Carucate)
Traditional Munster land-division units; a carucate ("car.") is very roughly a ploughland, itself divided into twelve gneeves. See also the glossary at Section 18.
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